2222222 ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻨﯩﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻕﺍﺪﻧﺎﻗ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻙﻩﺮﯧﻛ  ؟ 2222222 2222222 2222222 ﻥﯘﺳﺭﯘﺗ  ﺯﺎﻴﯩﻧﯘﺗ  2222222 ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﺰﯩﻤﯩﻨﯩﮕﯦﺩ  ، ﺕﻪﻟﯙﺩ  ﺵﯗﺭﯘﺘﺷﻼﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ، ﺵﯛﺭﯜﺘﺷﻪﻠﻣﯛﺯﯜﺗ  ﻰﻠﻛﻪﺷ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﺲﯩﺳﻪﺗ  ﻥﺎﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺗﺍﺭﺎﭙﭘﺎﺋ  ﻚﯩﻠﯩﭽﻛﻪﺘﯧﻳ  ﻰﺸﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ، ﻰﺷﯗﺭﯘﺘﺷﻼﺳﺎﻣ  ﺍﺪﯩﺴﯩﻗﺭﺎﺋ  ، ﺕﺎﻛﻭﯞﺩﺎﺋ  ، ﺕﻪﻣﯜﻛﯚﮬ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﮬﺍﯞﯘﮔ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺎﺧ  ، ﻲﯩﺳﺎﺳﺎﺋ  ﻡﻼﺗﺎﻗ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻯﺮﯩﻠﯩﭽﺗﻪﻣﺰﯩﺧ  ﻩﯞ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺮﯩﻠﯩﭽﺗﻪﻤﯨﺯﻻﯘﻣ  ﻲﯨﺩﺎﺴﯩﺘﻘﯩﺋ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﯩﭽﻨﯩﻴﯩﻗ  ﻰﻧﺭﻻﺭﺎﺑ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﻩﺪﯩﮬﻻﺎﺋ  ﺎﻏﺭﻻﻮﻠﯦﺩ  ﻰﻧﺭﻻﺭﺍﺪﯩﻗﻻﺎﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﺘﯩﻤﯨﺯﻻﯘﻣ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﭖﻪﻠﻨﯩﻣﻪﺗ  ، ﯔﯩﻧﺭﻻﯘﺋ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻕﯘﻗﻮﮬ  – ﻰﻨﯩﺗﻪﺋﻪﭙﻧﻪﻣ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯨﺭﯛﺪﻧﻪﻠﺗﻪﻟﺎﭘﺎﻛ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻨﻣﯛﺯﯜﺗ  ﯗﺪﯩﺘﯩﺳﺭﯚﻛ  . ﻝﺎﺌﯦﺭ  ﺎﺘﺷﯘﻣﺭﯘﺗ  ﻢﯩﻠﯩﺑ  ﻰﺳﺎﭘﺎﺳ  ﻥﻩﯞﯚﺗ  ﻩﯞ  ﻝﺎﻣ  – ﻙﯜﻟﯜﻣ  ﻪﺘﺗﻪﮬﻪﺟ  ﺰﯩﺴﯨﺪﻳﺎﭘ  ﺍﺪﻧﯗﺭﻮﺋ  ﯔﯩﻧﺭﻼﻧﺎﻏﺭﯘﺗ  ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﯚﺋ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻕﯘﻗﻮﮬ  – ﻰﻨﯩﺗﻪﺋﻪﭙﻧﻪﻣ  ﻰﻨﺷﺍﺪﻏﻮﻗ  ﭖﻪﻟﻪﺗ  ﻰﺸﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﺎﻐﻨﯩﻴﯩﻗ  ﯗﺪﻳﺎﺘﺧﻮﺗ  . ﺎﯕﯘﺷ  ﺕﻪﻟﯙﺩ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻰﻨﯩﻣﯛﺯﯜﺗ  ﺎﻐﻟﻮﻳ  ﭖﯘﻳﻮﻗ  ، ﻲﯨﺩﺎﺴﯩﺘﻘﯩﺋ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﯩﭽﻨﯩﻴﯩﻗ  ﺭﻻﺭﺎﺑ  ﻩﯞ  ﻯﺯﻪﺑ  ﻦﯨﺩﺭﻻﺭﺍﺪﯩﻗﻻﺎﺋ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻨﯩﻠﯧﺋ  ﻰﻨﻗﻪﮬ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﺘﻳﺍﺯﺎﺋ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﻡﯛﺭﯜﭼﻪﻛ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ، ﻼﻗﺍﺪﻧﯘﺷ  ﻰﻧﺭﻻﯘﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﺘﯩﻤﯨﺯﻻﯘﻣ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﻳﻪﻠﻨﯩﻣﻪﺗ  ﻖﯩﻠﻧﺍﯞﺍﺭﺎﭘ  ﻰﻜﯨﺪﯨﺮﯧﺘﻛﺍﺭﺎﺧ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻰﻨﯩﻣﯛﺯﯜﺗ  ﺎﻐﻟﻮﻳ  ﯗﺪﯩﺗﺍﯞﯘﻳﻮﻗ  . 2222222 ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻨﯩﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺍﺪﻧﺎﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻪﮔﺭﻪﻠﯩﻜﯨﺪﻧﻩﯞﯚﺗ  ﺕﻪﻘﻘﯨﺩ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻙﻩﺮﯧﻛ  : 2222222 ﻰﭽﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑ  ، ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻰﺗﺭﻪﺷ  ﻪﺘﺗﻪﮬﻪﺟ  ﻰﻜﯨﺪﻧﻩﯞﯚﺗ  ﯔﯩﻧﺭﻼﻟﺍﯟﮬﻪﺋ  ﻪﮕﯩﺳﺮﯩﺑ  ﻩﯞﻪﺗ  ﻰﺷﯘﻟﻮﺑ  ﻢﯨﺯﻻ  : ﯓﻪﺋ  ﻥﻩﯞﯚﺗ  ﺵﯘﻣﺭﯘﺗ  ﻰﺘﯩﻟﺎﭘﺎﻛ  ﻦﯨﺪﯩﻟﯘﭘ  ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺮﮬﻪﺑ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻟﻮﺑ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﻖﯩﻟﺰﯩﺴﺸﯩﺋ  ﻰﺴﯩﺗﺭﯘﻏﯘﺳ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻟﺎﺋ  ، ﻲﯨﺩﺎﺴﯩﺘﻘﯩﺋ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﯩﭽﻨﯩﻴﯩﻗ  ﺭﺎﺑ  ﻪﻘﯩﭘﻪﻧ  ﺶﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﻰﺘﻜﯧﻴﺑﻮﺋ  ؛ ﻲﯩﺋﺎﻤﯩﺘﺠﯩﺋ  ﻖﯩﻠﻧﺍﯞﺍﺭﺎﭘ  ﺍﺪﯩﻨﯩﮔﺭﻮﺋ  ﺭﻼﻧﺎﻘﺗﺍﯟﯩﻠﯩﻘﯧﺑ  ؛ ﻰﻜﯨﺩﺭﻼﯨﺰﯧﻳ  ‹ ‹ ﻪﺘﺷﻪﺑ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯨﺭﯛﺪﻧﻪﻠﺗﻪﻟﺎﭘﺎﻛ  › › ﺭﻪﻠﯩﻠﯩﺋﺎﺋ  ؛ ﻲﯩﺌﯩﺑﻪﺗ  ﺕﻪﭘﺎﺋ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﺎﻘﺷﺎﺑ  ﻞﯩﺑﺎﻗﺎﺗ  ﻰﻠﯩﻏﺭﯘﺗ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﻳﺎﻤﻟﻮﺑ  ﺭﻪﻠﺑﻩﯞﻪﺳ  ﺍﺪﻳﻪﭘ  ﻥﺎﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻲﯨﺩﺎﺴﯩﺘﻘﯩﺋ  ﻖﯩﻠﯩﭽﻨﯩﻴﯩﻗ  ﻦﯨﺪﯩﻠﻳﻪﭘﯜﺗ  ﺕﻪﻟﯙﺩ  ﺭﻼﻧﺎﻘﺗﺍﯞﯗﺯﯘﻘﺗﯘﻗ  ؛ ﯔﯩﻨﺗﻪﻟﯙﺩ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  – ﺍﺪﯨﺮﯩﻠﻣﺍﺰﯩﻧ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻪﮕﯩﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﺶﯩﺸﯨﺮﯧﺋ  ﻰﻜﯩﻠﻛﻩﺮﯧﻛ  ﺭﻪﻠﻧﻪﮕﻧﻪﻠﯩﮕﻟﻪﺑ  ؛ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﯚﺋ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻕﯘﻗﻮﮬ  – ﻰﻨﯩﺗﻪﺋﻪﭙﻧﻪﻣ  ﺵﯛﺭﯛﺪﻧﻪﻠﺗﻪﻟﺎﭘﺎﻛ  ﻥﯜﭼﯜﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻪﮕﯩﺘﯩﻤﯨﺯﻻﯘﻣ  ﻰﺟﺎﻴﯩﺘﮭﯧﺋ  ﻰﻜﯩﻠﻧﻪﻜﺷﯜﭼ  ﺭﻼﻧﺎﻐﻧﻼﺗﺎﭙﺴﯩﺋ  . 2222222 ﻰﭽﻨﯩﻜﻜﯩﺋ  ، ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﯔﯩﻨﻧﯗﺭﻮﺋ  ﻮﻠﯦﺩ  ﻝﯘﺑﻮﻗ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻰﺴﯨﺮﯩﺋﺍﺩ  : ) 1 ( ﺵﺎﻨﺗﺎﻗ  ﻰﺴﯩﺴﯨﺩﺎﮬ  ، ﺵﻻﺍﯞﺍﺩ  ﻰﺴﯩﺴﯨﺩﺎﮬ  ، ﺕﻪﻣﺰﯩﺧ  ﻩﺪﯩﺘﺳﯜﺋ  ﺶﯩﻨﯩﻠﯨﺭﺎﻳ  ﻩﺪﯩﺴﯩﺴﯨﺩﺎﮬ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﻲﯩﻧﺎﻤﺴﯩﺟ  ﻦﯩﺘﺗﻪﮬﻪﺟ  ﻥﺎﻴﯨﺯ  – ﻪﻜﺗﻪﻤﺧﻩﺯ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺮﭼﯘﺋ  ﺎﻘﺷﺎﺑ  ﻩﺩﺭﻪﻠﯩﺴﯨﺩﺎﮬ  ﻥﺎﻴﯨﺯ  – ﻪﻜﺗﻪﻤﺧﻩﺯ  ﯔﯩﻧﺭﻼﻧﺎﻐﯨﺮﭼﯘﺋ  ﺵﻻﺍﯞﺍﺩ  ﻰﺘﯩﺟﺍﺮﯩﺧ  ﻩﯞ  ﻰﻨﻣﻪﻟﯚﺗ  ﻪﻜﺷﯛﺭﯜﺘﺷﯛﺭﯜﺳ  ﺖﯩﺋﺎﺋ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻯﺮﯩﻠﺸﯩﺋ  ؛ ) 2 ( ﺕﻪﻣﯜﻛﯚﮬ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﮬﺍﯞﯘﮔ  ﻪﻜﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻠﯧﻛ  ﻲﯩﻧﺎﻤﺴﯩﺟ  ﻩﯞ  ﻝﺎﻣ  – ﻙﯜﻟﯜﻣ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﻚﯩﻠﺗﻩﯟﯩﺳﺎﻧﯘﻣ  ﻥﺎﻐﻟﻮﺑ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﺘﯩﻛﺎﭘ  ﻩﯞ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﺘﯨﯟﯩﺳﺎﻧﯘﻣ  ؛ ) 3 ( ﺭﻪﻠﭙﯩﻴﯧﻣ  ، ﺎﻐﯩﻣﺍﺭﯘﻗ  ﺭﻪﻠﻧﻪﮕﯩﻤﺗﻪﻳ  ، ﺭﻼﻧﺎﻐﻧﺎﺷﺎﻳ  ، ﯔﯩﻧﺭﻼﻟﺎﻳﺎﺋ  ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﯚﺋ  ﻕﯘﻗﻮﮬ  – ﻰﻨﯩﺗﻪﺋﻪﭙﻧﻪﻣ  ﺎﻘﺷﺍﺪﻏﻮﻗ  ﺖﯩﺋﺎﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻯﺮﯩﻠﺸﯩﺋ  ؛ ) 4 ( ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻪﻜﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﻚﯩﻠﺸﯩﮕﯧﺗ  ﺎﻘﺷﺎﺑ  ﺭﻼﺸﯩﺋ  . 2222222 ﻰﭽﻨﯩﭼﯜﺋ  ، ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻰﻨﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻡﻪﮬ  ﯔﯩﻧﯘﺋ  ﻝﯘﺑﻮﻗ  ﻰﺸﯩﻨﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻪﺘﺗﻪﮬﻪﺟ  ، ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﻰﭼﯘﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻦﯨﺪﯩﻜﻜﯩﺋ  ﻕﯘﺗﺭﺎﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﺶﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﺎﻐﯩﺗﺍﺭﺎﭙﭘﺎﺋ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻰﻨﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺎﺴﻠﯩﻗ  ﯗﺪﯩﻟﻮﺑ  . ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻰﻨﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﻡﻩﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﭖﻪﻟﻪﺗ  ﻰﭼﯘﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻯﺯﯚﺋ  ﻥﺎﻏﺭﯘﺗ  ﻰﻛﺎﻳ  ﻖﯩﻠﻤﯩﺋﺍﺩ  ﻥﺎﻘﺗﺍﯞﯗﺭﯘﺗ  ﻰﻜﯨﺪﻳﺎﺟ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﺎﻐﯩﺗﺍﺭﺎﭙﭘﺎﺋ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﻰﺸﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻢﯨﺯﻻ  . 2222222 ﻰﭽﻨﯩﺗﯚﺗ  ، ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻤﯨﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﯔﯩﻨﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﻲﯩﺳﺎﺳﺎﺋ  ﻯﺮﯩﻠﻠﯩﻛﻪﺷ  : ﻡﻩﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻝﯘﺑﻮﻗ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﺎﻏﺍﺮﻗﯘﭘ  ﻲﯩﻧﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻕﯘﻗﻮﮬ  – ﻰﻨﯩﺗﻪﺋﻪﭙﻧﻪﻣ  ﺵﺍﺪﻏﻮﻗ  ﻪﺘﺗﻪﮬﻪﺟ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﺗﻪﮭﯩﻠﺳﻪﻣ  ﺶﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ، ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻰﻨﯨﺮﯩﻠﺗﻪﺠﺟﯚﮬ  ﻥﻪﺘﯩﻟﺎﻛﺍﯞ  ﭗﯨﺰﯧﻳ  ﺶﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ، ﻕﻪﮬ  ﭖﻪﻟﻪﺗ  ﻰﺳﺍﯞﻩﺩ  ﻥﺎﻐﯨﺪﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ  ، ﻡﻩﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻝﯘﺑﻮﻗ  ﺎﻐﯩﭼﯘﻐﻠﯩﻗ  ﻕﻪﮬ  ﭖﻪﻟﻪﺗ  ﻰﺳﺍﯞﻩﺩ  ﻰﺴﯩﭽﺗﻪﻟﺎﻛﺍﯞ  ﺵﯘﻟﻮﺑ  . ﻦﯨﺪﯖﯩﻧﯘﺋ  ﺎﻘﺷﺎﺑ  ﻞﯩﺧﺭﻪﮬ  ﺰﯩﺳﺍﯞﻩﺩ  ﻥﯘﻧﺎﻗ  ﻯﺮﯩﻠﺸﯩﺋ  ﻰﻜﯩﻠﯩﭽﺗﻪﻟﺎﻛﺍﯞ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﯘﻤﯩﻘﺸﯩﻨﯩﻠﻟﯘﻏﯘﺷ  ﯗﺪﯩﻟﻮﺑ  . ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺳﻪﻣ  : ﺎﻐﯩﭽﻟﺎﻤﯧﺘﺴﯩﺋ  ﭗﯩﺸﯩﻠﻣﻩﺩﺭﺎﻳ  ﻞﯩﻟﻩﺩ  – ﺕﺎﭙﺴﯩﺋ  ﺶﯩﻠﯧﺋ  ، ﻰﭽﺗﻩﺭﺎﺠﯩﺗ  ﻥﻪﻠﯩﺑ  ﺶﯩﺸﯩﯖﯧﻛ  ، ﻚﯩﻠﺗﻩﯟﯩﺳﺎﻧﯘﻣ  ﺎﻏﺭﻼﻗﺎﻣﺭﺎﺗ  ﺕﻪﻳﺎﻜﯩﺷ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﻩﯞ  ﯔﯩﻨﯩﭽﻟﺎﻤﯧﺘﺴﯩﺋ  ﺍﺪﯩﻧﺭﻮﺋ  ﺕﻪﻣﯜﻛﯚﮬ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﮬﺍﯞﯘﮔ  ﺎﻐﯩﻘﯩﻣﺭﺎﺗ  ﺕﻪﻣﯜﻛﯚﮬ  ﻰﻘﯩﻠﮬﺍﯞﯘﮔ  ﻰﺗﺎﭙﺴﯩﺋ  ﻰﻨﺸﯨﺮﯧﺑ  ﺱﺎﻤﯩﺘﻠﯩﺋ  ﺶﯩﻠﯩﻗ  ﺭﻼﻘﯩﻟﺭﺎﺗﺎﻗ  . 2222222 