# PhoneGap Documentation

# Developing a Plugin on Windows Phone

Writing a plugin for Cordova on Windows Phone requires a basic understanding of the architecture of Cordova. Cordova-WP7 consists of a WebBrowser which hosts the application JavaScript code and manages native API calls. There is a BaseCommand (`WP7CordovaClassLib.Cordova.Commands.BaseCommand`) class in C# which you can extend, and it comes with the majority of the 'plumbing' built for you already.

1. Select your project, and right-click to choose Add → New Item...
   - Preferably add it to the 'Plugins' folder, but it is up to you
2. Select 'Class' and name it `Echo.cs`
   - The name of this class must exactly match what you call into `cordova.exec(win, fail, "Echo", ...)`

3. Include the base classes implementation

       using WPCordovaClassLib.Cordova;
       using WPCordovaClassLib.Cordova.Commands;
       using WPCordovaClassLib.Cordova.JSON;

4. Extend your class from BaseCommand

       public class Echo : BaseCommand
       {
           // ...
       }

5. Add a method that is callable from JS

       public class Echo : BaseCommand
       {
           public void echo(string options)
           {
               // all JS callable plugin methods MUST have this signature!
               // public, returning void, 1 argument that is a string
           }
       }

## Namespaces

The default namespace for unqualified commands is:

    namespace Cordova.Extension.Commands
    {
        // ...
    }

If you want to use your own namespace, you need to make a fully qualified call to `cordova.exec`. For example, if you want to define your C# class like this:

    namespace com.mydomain.cordovaExtensions
    {
        public class Echo : BaseCommand
        {
            // ...
        }
    }

Then, in JS you need to call `exec` like this:

    cordova.exec(win, fail, "com.mydomain.cordovaExtensions.Echo", ...);

## Interpreting your arguments in C#

The data received by your plugin method is a string value, but in actuality looking at our JavaScript code, we see our intention was to pass an array of strings. Looking back at our JS call to `cordova.exec`, we see we passed `[str]`:

    cordova.exec(win, fail, "Echo", "echo", ["input string"]);

If we inspect the options string passed in to our `Echo.echo` method, we see that the value is actually:

    "[\"input string\"]"

All JavaScript exec arguments are JSON encoded before being passed into C#.

If we want to treat this as the string we were expecting, we need to decode it. We can use simple JSON deserialization.

    string optVal = JsonHelper.Deserialize<string[]>(options)[0];
    // optVal now has the value of "input string"

## Passing results from C# to JS

The base class BaseCommand provides methods for passing data to your JS callback handlers. To simply signal that the command has succeeded, when no additional result info is needed, you can can simply call:

    DispatchCommandResult(); // calls back with an empty plugin result, considered a success callback

To pass data back, you need to call a different version of `DispatchCommandResult`:

    DispatchCommandResult(new PluginResult(PluginResult.Status.OK, "Everything went as planned, this is a result that is passed to the success handler."));

To pass structured object data back to JS, it should be encoded as a JSON string:

    DispatchCommandResult(new PluginResult(PluginResult.Status.OK, "{result:\"super awesome!\"}"));

If you need to signal that an error has occurred, you can call `DispatchCommandResult` with a `PluginResult` object:

    DispatchCommandResult(new PluginResult(PluginResult.Status.ERROR, "Echo signaled an error"));

## Handling serialization errors in your plugin's C# method

When interpreting your arguments, it is a good idea to use a try/catch block in case we have bad input. This is a pattern used throughout the Cordova C# code:

    string optVal = null;

    try
    {
        optVal = JsonHelper.Deserialize<string[]>(options)[0];
    }
    catch(Exception)
    {
        // simply catch the exception, we handle null values and exceptions together
    }

    if (optVal == null)
    {
        DispatchCommandResult(new PluginResult(PluginResult.Status.JSON_EXCEPTION));
    }
    else
    {
        // ... continue on to do our work
    }

## Advanced Plugin Functionality

See other methods that you can override in:

1. BaseCommand.cs

For example, you can hook into the 'pause' and 'resume' application events.

### Debugging Plugins

To debug the C# side, you can use Visual Studio's debugger, just set a break point at any of the methods exposed by your class.

JavaScript is a little more difficult to debug on Windows Phone. You need to use `console.log` to output the state of your plugin, or inform yourself of errors.

## Common Pitfalls

- Be careful when deciding on the arguments you pass to native in your JavaScript implementation. Most device platforms expect the args passed to cordova.exec to be an array, but if you have different types of objects in this array, it becomes difficult or impossible to deserialize.

      cordova.exec(win, fail, "ServiceName", "MethodName", ["this is a string", 54, {literal:'trouble'}]);

  - This means that your C# code receives a difficult to decode string value, such as:

        "[\"this is a string\", 54, { literal:'trouble' }]"

  - Consider converting ALL parameters to strings before calling exec:

        cordova.exec(win, fail, "ServiceName", "MethodName", ["this is a string", "54", "{literal:'trouble'}"]) ;

        string[] optValues = JsonHelper.Deserialize<string[]>(options);

- It is usually a good idea to do parameter checking in your JavaScript code, before you call `exec`. This allows you to re-use more JavaScript code among your plug-in's various native implementations.